Attitudinally Correct Cardiac Anatomy
نویسنده
چکیده
Anatomy is one of the oldest branches of medicine, dating back as far as the third century BC . Throughout time, the discipline has been served well by a universal system for describing structures based on the anatomic position . Unfortunately, cardiac anatomy has been a detractor from this long-standing tradition and has commonly been incorrectly described using confusing and inappropriate nomenclature. This is most likely due to the examination of the heart in the Valentine position , in which the heart stands on its apex, as opposed to how it is actually oriented in the body. The description of the major coronary arteries, such as the anterior descending and posterior descending, is attitudinally incorrect; as the heart is oriented in the body, the surfaces are actually superior and inferior. An overview of attitudinally correct human anatomy, the problem areas, and the comparative aspects of attitudinally correct anatomy will be presented in this chapter.
منابع مشابه
Revisiting the Anatomy of the Living Heart.
An understanding of the complexity of cardiac anatomy is required by all who seek, in the setting of cardiac disease, to interpret the images confronting them. Although the mysteries of cardiac structure have been extensively addressed, significant gaps continue to exist between the descriptions provided by morphologists and by those working in the clinical setting. In part, this reflects the l...
متن کاملLeft ventricular anatomy: its nomenclature, segmentation, and planes of imaging.
The American Heart Association recommends a model of the left ventricular myocardium based on 17 segments. The model is accepted and used by imagers in nuclear medicine, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and, more recently, in computed tomography. Some problems persist with the orientation and presentation of the planar imaging views between the modalities and with their registratio...
متن کاملMoral conviction: another contributor to attitude strength or something more?
Attitudes held with strong moral conviction (moral mandates) were predicted to have different interpersonal consequences than strong but nonmoral attitudes. After controlling for indices of attitude strength, the authors explored the unique effect of moral conviction on the degree that people preferred greater social (Studies 1 and 2) and physical (Study 3) distance from attitudinally dissimila...
متن کاملMnemonic Convergence: From Empirical Data to Large-Scale Dynamics
This study builds on the assumption that large-scale social phenomena emerge out of the interaction between individual cognitive mechanisms and social dynamics. Within this framework, we empirically investigated the propagation of memory effects (retrieval induced forgetting and practice effects) through sequences of social interactions. We found that the influence a public figure has on an ind...
متن کامل